计算机英语课件.ppt

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1、2021/11/24,计算机专业英语教程,1,计算机专业英语教程,计算机专业英语教程,2,2021/11/24,学习计算机专业英语的重要性,ISO/OSI International Standard Organization/Open System Interconnect 国际标准化组织/开放系统互联参考模型; SQL:结构化查询语言，Structured Query Language; NT:新技术； XP：体验 eXPerience; www. World Wide Web; BBS：电子公告板系统 Bulletin Board System; DVD:数字视频光盘/数字通用光盘 Di

2、gital Video Disc/Digital Versatile Disc; ISDN:综合业务（服务）数字网，（俗称一线通）， Integrated Service Digital Network;,计算机专业英语教程,3,2021/11/24,内 容 简 介,本书包含了大量与计算机专业基础、专业技术及专业前沿知识相关的英文资料，并根据知识点分成28课。分别讲述了计算机硬件基础、计算机系统结构、计算机软件思想、编程语言、计算机网络结构、电子商务应用、计算机图像与动画以及计算机领域的新技术等内容。 每课内容相对独立，如数据结构、操作系统、无线网络、远程教育、人工智能、电子支付等。 每课后均

3、附有重点词汇、课文难点注释、练习、两篇与课文内容相关的阅读材料以及计算机专业英语中相关的语法知识讲述或专业术语介绍。,计算机专业英语教程,4,2021/11/24,目 录,Unit 1 Introduction of Computers Unit 2 CPU and Memory Unit 3 Input and Output Systems Unit 4 C+ Language Unit 5 Operating System Unit 6 Data Structure Unit 7 Database Principle,计算机专业英语教程,5,2021/11/24,目 录,Unit 8 Pr

4、inciples of Compiler Unit 9 Software Engineering Unit 10 Multimedia Unit 11 Distance Education Unit 12 Computer Graphics and Images Unit 13 Animation Unit 14 Grid Computing,计算机专业英语教程,6,2021/11/24,目 录,Unit 15 Distributed Systems Unit 16 Computer Network Basics Unit 17 Internet Unit 18 Wireless Networ

5、k Unit 19 Computer Virus,计算机专业英语教程,7,2021/11/24,Unit 1 Introduction of Computers,1.1 Text A computer is a digital electronic data processing system. Digital computer uses the binary number system, which has two digits: 0 and 1. A binary is called a bit. Information represented in digital computers i

6、s in groups of bits.,计算机专业英语教程,8,2021/11/24,Computer Development,The First Generation of Computers (1946 through 1959) The Second Generation of Computers (1959 through 1964) The Third Generation of Computers (1964 through 1971) The Fourth Generation of Computers (1971 through now),计算机专业英语教程,9,2021/1

7、1/24,Computer types,Microcomputer is generally a synonym for the more common term, personal computer, or PC, which is a small single-user computer based on a microcomputer. Workstation is a powerful single-user computer. Mainframe or mainframe computer is a powerful multi-user computer. Minicomputer

8、 is a multi-user computer of a size between a microcomputer and a mainframe. Supercomputer is an extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second.,计算机专业英语教程,10,2021/11/24,Desktop Computers,Desktop computers are the natural choice when a computer remains in the

9、 same place for all of its working life. Desktop computers are modular systems that make it easy to add or replace individual parts to meet each users particular requirements. Modular design also means that you can transfer some old parts to your new computer when your old faithful machine that has

10、finally become obsolescent. You can improve the computers performance by adding new components and replacing existing parts with new ones that have faster speed, greater capacity, or more features.,计算机专业英语教程,11,2021/11/24,Keywords,accommodate 供应，适应，调节 alphabet 字母表 arrangements 安排，整理，约定 compatibility

11、 兼容性，一致性 configure 配置 conversion 变化，转换 discrete 离散的，分立的 eliminate 消去，淘汰 emergence 出现，发生,计算机专业英语教程,12,2021/11/24,Keywords,expansion 扩展，扩大 evolutionary 发展，进化 illustrator 说明者 instruction 指令 latch 获得，抓住 mainframe 大型机 manufacturer 制造商 notable 显著的，著名的 obsolescent 废弃，淘汰 occupy 占据，占用,计算机专业英语教程,13,2021/11/24

12、,Keywords,ortable 便携式的 prominent 突出的，重要的 proprietary 专有的，独占的 reliable 可靠的，确实的 represent 描述，表示 revolutionary 革命性的 silicon 硅 socket 插座，插槽 transistor 三极管 vacuum 真空,计算机专业英语教程,14,2021/11/24,Notes,1 By using various coding techniques, group of bits can be made to represent not only binary number but also

13、other discrete symbols, such as decimal digits or letter of alphabet. 译文：通过应用各种编码技术，字位的组合不但可以用来表示二进制数，还可以表示其它的离散符号，比如十进制数字和字母表上的字母等。 说明：本句的“By using various coding techniques”作状语，主句采用被动语态。,计算机专业英语教程,15,2021/11/24,Notes,2 The transistor meant more powerful, more reliable, and less expensive computers

14、 that would occupy less space and give off less heat than did vacuum-tube-powered computers. 译文：使用晶体管可做成功能更强、更可靠、更价廉的计算机，它与真空管计算机相比占地面积小，功耗小。 说明：本句的“that”引导定语从句，修饰宾语“computers”。,计算机专业英语教程,16,2021/11/24,Notes,3 In addition to the microprocessor, a personal computer has a keyboard for entering data, a

15、 monitor for displaying information, and a storage device for saving data. 译文：除了微型处理器，个人计算机还有输入数据的键盘、显示信息的显示器和存储数据的存储装置。 说明：本句中的“In addition to the microprocessor”是状语，宾语是“keyboard”、“monitor”和“storage device”，宾语后的“for”结构是宾语补足语。,计算机专业英语教程,17,2021/11/24,Notes,4 Desktop computers are the natural choice

16、when a computer remains in the same place for all of its working life. 译文：当一台计算机在它整个工作期间一直都被放在同一个地方时，台式计算机是一个理所当然的选择。 说明：本句由“when”引导时间状语从句。,计算机专业英语教程,18,2021/11/24,Notes,5 In addition, the common parts specifications allow a repair shop to maintain a smaller inventory because they can use the same p

17、arts in many different desktop computer makes and models. 译文：此外，一般的配件说明书中都允许维修车间维持较少的库存量，这是因为他们能够在不同的品牌和模型的台式计算机上使用相同的配件。 说明：本句由“because”引导原因状语从句，“to maintain a smaller inventory”作宾语补足语。,计算机专业英语教程,19,2021/11/24,1.2 Reading Material 1：Motherboard,Motherboard is generally rectangular circuit board. Mo

18、therboard is usually composed of a CPU slot, an AGP slot, a CNR slot, five PCI slots, three DIMM slots, two IDE interfaces, a floppy drive interface, two serial ports, one parallel port, a PS/2 keyboard interface, a PS/2 mouse interface, two USB interfaces, erasable BIOS, control chip sets and other

19、 components.,计算机专业英语教程,20,2021/11/24,Sound Card and Graphics,Sound card is audio sound card. Its basic function is to produce and handle voice signals, and then transfer the signals to the speakers. Graphics works more as a coprocessor. It is right for accelerating graphics processing operation, and

20、 the CPU can handle other more important tasks.,计算机专业英语教程,21,2021/11/24,Keywords,accelerate 加速，促进 attention 注意，留意 chassis 机箱 lever 杠杆 merely 只，纯粹 needle 针，磁针 orifice 口，孔 popularity 普及，流行 rectangular 矩形的 strictly 精密地，严格地,计算机专业英语教程,22,2021/11/24,1.3 Reading Material 2：Notebook Computer,Higher performa

21、nce of CPUs, multimedia technology, as well as bigger memory and large-capacity silicon chips allow manufacturers to put in fancier things into notebook computers. The trend of notebook computers is as follows: Faster speed. Processors used are now usually fast CPUs. Large storage capacity. Multimed

22、ia capabilities. To support microphones, headphones, video-performance, and CD-ROM. Easier input methods. Pen, voice, and speech recognition in future. Built-in data communication support. Networking, built-in modern, even wireless support.,计算机专业英语教程,23,2021/11/24,Keywords,affordable 负担得起的 compromis

23、e 折衷方案，调和 fancier 行家，空想家 headphone 头戴受话器，耳机 innovation 创新，革新 interview 协商，会谈 intuitive 直觉的，直观的,返回,计算机专业英语教程,24,2021/11/24,Unit 2 CPU and Memory,2.1 Text The CPU means the Central Processing Unit. It is the heart of a computer system. A CPU can be a single microprocessor chip, a set of chips, or a bo

24、x of boards of transistors, chips, wires, and connectors. Two main performance factors of CPU are clock rate and word size.,计算机专业英语教程,25,2021/11/24,64-bit Processors,Sixty-four-bit processors have been with us since 1992, and in the 21st century they have started to become mainstream. Sixty-four-bit

25、 processors have 64-bit ALUs, 64-bit registers, 64-bit buses and so on.,计算机专业英语教程,26,2021/11/24,Multiprocessing,Multiprocessing refers to the organizational technique in which a number of processor units are employed in a single computer system to increase the performance of the system in its applic

26、ation environment above the performance of a single processor. Multiprocessor systems may be classified into four types: SISD,SIMD,MISD, and MIMD.,计算机专业英语教程,27,2021/11/24,Memory,RAM and ROM play important roles of storage devices. Computer memory is measured in kilobytes or megabytes of information.

27、 Cache is another factor affecting CPU performance. It is special high speed memory that gives the CPU more rapid access to data.,计算机专业英语教程,28,2021/11/24,Keywords,constraint 约束，强制力 contribute 贡献 distinguish 区别，辨别 emit 发射，发行 independently 独立地，任意地 kilobyte 千字节 megahertz 兆赫 mainstream 主流 manipulate 处理，

28、控制 performance 性能,计算机专业英语教程,29,2021/11/24,Keywords,ermanent 永久的，不变的 quadrillion 千的五次幂，千万亿 register 寄存器 respective 分别的，各自的 serially 连续地，顺次 server 服务器 simultaneously 同时发生的 specification 规范，规格，说明 tendency 倾向，趋势,计算机专业英语教程,30,2021/11/24,Notes,1 Every processor comes with a unique set of operations such a

29、s ADD, STORE, or LOAD that represent the processors instruction set. 译文：每个处理器都有一个独特的诸如ADD、STORE或LOAD这样的操作集，这个操作集就是该处理器的指令系统。 说明：本句的宾语是“operations such as ADD, STORE, or LOAD”，“that represent the processors instruction set”作定语，修饰宾语。,计算机专业英语教程,31,2021/11/24,Notes,2 The clock rate set by the system clo

30、ck determines the speed at which the computer can execute an instruction and, therefore, limits the number of instructions that a computer can complete within a specific amount of time. 译文：系统时钟的频率决定了计算机执行指令的速度，因此限制了计算机在一定时间内所能执行的指令数。 说明：这是一个并列句，主语是一个，“set by the system clock”作定语，修饰主语“The clock rate”

31、，谓语有两个“determines”和“limits”，“at which the computer can execute an instruction”作定语，修饰宾语“speed”，而“that a computer can complete within a specific amount of time”也是定语，修饰“instructions”。,计算机专业英语教程,32,2021/11/24,Notes,3 With a 64-bit address bus and wide, high-speed data buses on the motherboard, 64-bit ma

32、chines also offer faster I/O speeds to things like hard disk drives and video cards. 译文：利用主板上的64位地址总线与宽的高速数据总线，64位机器还提供了硬盘驱动器、显示卡等的高速I/O速度。 说明：本句的“With a 64-bit address bus and wide, high-speed data buses on the motherboard”作状语，“to things like hard disk drives and video cards”是宾语补足语。,计算机专业英语教程,33,20

33、21/11/24,Notes,4 People doing video editing and people doing photographic editing on very large images can benefit from this kind of computing power. 译文：这类计算功能对进行视频编码和进行超大图像照片编辑的人有好处。 说明：本句的主语是并列的两个“people”，“doing video editing”修饰第一个“people”，“doing photographic editing on very large images”修饰第二个“peo

34、ple”。,计算机专业英语教程,34,2021/11/24,Notes,5 The memory unit is an essential component in any digit computer since it is needed for storing the programs that are executed by the CPU. 译文：任何一台数字计算机都需要存储CPU所执行的程序，因此，存储器是计算机最重要的部件之一。 说明：本句由“since”引导原因状语从句。,计算机专业英语教程,35,2021/11/24,2.2 Reading Material 1：Hard Di

35、sks,Hard disks were invented in the 1950s. They started as large disks up to 20 inches in diameter holding just a few megabytes. A typical desktop machine will have a hard disk with a capacity of between 10 and 40 gigabytes. Data is stored onto the disk in the form of files.,计算机专业英语教程,36,2021/11/24,

36、Keywords,aluminum 铝 coil 一圈，盘绕 detach 分开，脱离 equalize 均衡，调整 incredibly 惊人的。不可思议的 platter 圆盘 seal 密封，隔离 tolerance 忍受，耐性 underneath 在下面，在底部 wedge 楔，楔形,计算机专业英语教程,37,2021/11/24,2.3 Reading Material 2：RISC,RISC processors only use simple instructions that can be executed within one clock cycle. These RISC

37、 “reduced instructions” require less transistors of hardware space than the complex instructions, leaving more room for general purpose registers. The CISC approach attempts to minimize the number of instructions per program, sacrificing the number of cycles per instruction.,计算机专业英语教程,38,2021/11/24,

38、Keywords,appropriate 合适的，适当的 approximately 接近地，近似地 commercial 商业上的，贸易的 competitive 竞争的，竞赛的 foothold 立足点 operand 操作数 pipeline 管线，管道 predecessor 祖先，前任，前辈 primary 主要的，最初的 sacrifice 牺牲，损失,返回,计算机专业英语教程,39,2021/11/24,Unit 3 Input and Output Systems,3.1 Text Using input devices, people “tell” the computer

39、what it should do and the computer feedback the result through output devices. Input and output devices are the interfaces of man and machine.,计算机专业英语教程,40,2021/11/24,Keyboard,The keyboard is used to type information into the computer or input information. Each key on a standard keyboard has one or

40、two characters. The standard keyboard has 101 keys. Notebooks have embedded keys accessible by special keys or by pressing key combinations.,计算机专业英语教程,41,2021/11/24,Mouse,The most conventional kind of mouse has two buttons on the top: the left one is used most frequently. A mouse consists of a metal

41、 or plastic housing or casing, a ball that sticks out of the bottom of the casing and rolls on a flat surface, one or more buttons on the top of the casing, and a cable that connects the mouse to the computer. The positioning is relative to some starting place.,计算机专业英语教程,42,2021/11/24,CRT Monitor,CR

42、T monitor means a cathode ray tube monitor. They have five main components: electron gun, deflection coil, shadow mask, phosphor layer and the glass casing. Classic CRT uses electron gun to fire high-speed electrons, and controls the deflection angle of high-speed electrons through vertical and hori

43、zontal deflection coils.,计算机专业英语教程,43,2021/11/24,LCD monitor,LCD is constituted by the two glass panels, 1 mm thick, which are separated by 5 m even spacing containing liquid crystal material. For the LCD monitor with picture stability and flicker-free sense, the refresh rate is not high, but the im

44、age is also very stable.,计算机专业英语教程,44,2021/11/24,I/O subsystem organization and interfacing,Each I/O device is connected to the computer systems address, data, and control buses. Each I/O device includes I/O interface circuitry. It is actually this circuitry that interacts with the buses. The circui

45、try also interacts with the actual I/O device to transfer data.,计算机专业英语教程,45,2021/11/24,Keywords,absorption 吸收，合并 accessible 容易理解的，能接近的 chiaroscuro 明暗对比法 conventional 常规的，约定的 cursor 光标 deflection 偏转，偏离 electron 电子 embed 嵌入，嵌进 feedback 反馈 hierarchical 等级的,计算机专业英语教程,46,2021/11/24,Keywords,invalid 无效的，

46、无用的 interface 接口，界面 layout 布局 millisecond 毫秒 phosphor 荧光粉，磷光体 phosphorescence 荧光，磷光 radiate 发光，辐射 shadow 阴影，影像,计算机专业英语教程,47,2021/11/24,Notes,1 A mouse is a small device that a computer user pushes across a desk surface in order to point to a place on a display screen and to select one or more action

47、s to take from that position. 译文：鼠标是一种小型的设备，用户可以在桌面上移动，以指向屏幕上的某个位置并从该位置选择一项或多项操作。 说明：本句的“that a computer user pushes across a desk surface”作定语，修饰宾语，“in order to”引导目的状语。,计算机专业英语教程,48,2021/11/24,Notes,2 Viewing the cursors present position, the user readjusts the position by moving the mouse. 译文：看到光标的

48、当前位置后，用户可以移动鼠标再次进行调整。 说明：本句的“Viewing the cursors present position”是状语，“by moving the mouse”也是状语。,计算机专业英语教程,49,2021/11/24,Notes,3 When the electrodes in LCD generate electric field, the liquid crystal molecules have been distorted, thus the light through them is regularly refracted, and then through

49、the second layers filter, it will be displayed on screen. 译文：当LCD中的电极产生电场时，液晶分子就会产生扭曲，从而将穿越其中的光线进行有规则的折射，然后经过第二层过滤层的过滤在屏幕上显示出来。 说明：本句是并列句，由“When”引导时间状语从句，“thus”引导的是结果状语，“and then through the second layers filter”作状语，修饰并列句的第二部分。,计算机专业英语教程,50,2021/11/24,Notes,4 The LCD monitor also adopts LCD control

50、transmittance technological principles for the overall luminous floor, so it is realty the complete plane. 译文：LCD显示器还采用液晶控制透光度技术的原理让底板整体发光，所以它真正是完全平面。 说明：本句的“for the overall luminous floor”是宾语补足语，“so it is realty the complete plane”是结果状语。,计算机专业英语教程,51,2021/11/24,Notes,5 Such a device requires a comb